Professor Chris Whitty, Britain’s chief medical adviser, stood before an auditorium in a London museum two years ago cataloging deadly epidemics.

兩年前，英國首席醫療顧問惠提教授站在倫敦一座博物館的禮堂前，細數歷來各種致命的流行病。

From the Black Death of the 14th century to cholera in war-torn Yemen, it was a baleful history. But Whitty, who had spent most of his career fighting infectious diseases in Africa, was reassuring. Britain, he said, had a special protection.

從14世紀的黑死病，到受戰火蹂躪的葉門所爆發的霍亂，這是一段悲慘的歷史，然而職涯大部分時間都在非洲對抗傳染病的惠提說法讓人放心。他說，英國有特別的保護罩。

“Being rich,” he explained.

他解釋道：「就是富裕。」

Wealth “massively hardens a society against epidemics,” he argued, and quality of life — food, housing, water and health care — was more effective than any medicine at stopping the diseases that ravaged the developing world.

他認為，財富「大大增強了社會抵抗流行病的能力」，而生活品質如食物、住房、用水及醫療，就阻止肆虐於發展中國家的那些疾病而言，比任何藥物都更有效。

Whitty’s confidence was hardly unique. As recently as February, when European health ministers met in Brussels to discuss the coronavirus emerging in China, they commended their own health systems and promised to send aid to poor and developing countries.

惠提並非唯一一個如此具有自信的人。遠得姑且不說，就在今年二月，當歐洲各國衛生部長在布魯塞爾開會討論在中國出現的新冠病毒時，他們還稱讚自家公衛體系，並承諾向窮國和發展中國家提供援助。

“Responsibility is incumbent on us, not only for Italy and Europe, but also for the African continent,” said Roberto Speranza, Italy’s health minister.

義大利衛生部長史貝蘭沙說：「我們責無旁貸，不僅應對義大利和歐洲負責，對非洲大陸亦復如此。」

“The European Union should be ready for support,” agreed Maggie De Block, Belgium’s then health minister.

時任比利時衛生部長的迪卜洛克也表同意，他說：「歐盟應該準備好提供支援。」

Barely a month later, the continent was overwhelmed. Instead of merely providing aid to former colonies, Western Europe became an epicenter of the pandemic. Officials once boastful about their preparedness were frantically trying to secure protective gear and materials for tests, as death rates soared in Britain, France, Spain, Italy and Belgium.

僅僅一個月之後，歐洲大陸就無力招架了。西歐國家不僅未能一如所言向前殖民地提供援助，自身反倒成了這場全球大流行疫病的中心。英國、法國、西班牙、義大利及比利時的死亡率飆升，只見曾經自詡已準備就緒的官員們一陣手忙腳亂，想盡辦法取得防護裝備以及用於檢測的物資。

This was not supposed to happen. The expertise and resources of Western Europe were expected to provide the antidote to viral outbreaks flowing out of poorer regions. Many European leaders felt so secure after the last pandemic — the 2009 swine flu — that they scaled back stockpiles of equipment and faulted medical experts for overreacting.

這不該發生。西歐的專業知識與資源理應為較貧窮地區傳出的病毒疫情提供解藥。許多歐洲領導人在上次2009年豬流感大流行過後對安全防護過度自信，以致削減了裝備庫存，並指責醫療專家反應過度。

But that confidence would prove their undoing. Their pandemic plans were built on a litany of miscalculations and false assumptions. European leaders boasted of the superiority of their world-class health systems but had weakened them with a decade of cutbacks. When COVID-19 arrived, those systems were unable to test widely enough to see the peak coming — or to guarantee the safety of health care workers after it hit.

而事實證明這個信心就是失敗的開始。他們應付病疫大流行的計畫建立在一系列錯誤的計算及假設之上。歐洲領導人吹噓自家世界一流公衛體系的優越性，但十年來的節縮減卻削弱了這些系統。當新冠肺炎出現時，這些系統無力以廣泛的檢測預見高峰期的到來，也無法在疫情爆發後確保醫護人員的安全。

Accountability mechanisms proved toothless. Thousands of pages of national pandemic planning turned out to be little more than exercises in bureaucratic busy work. Officials in some countries barely consulted their plans; in other countries, leaders ignored warnings about how quickly a virus could spread.

問責機制證明形同虛設。厚達數千頁的國家應對全球大流行疾情計劃書，只淪為行政作業上的官樣文章。一些國家的官員幾乎沒有參照計畫行事，各國領導人也忽視病毒會快速傳播的警告。

European Union checks of each country’s readiness had become rituals of self-congratulation. Mathematical models used to predict pandemic spreads — and to shape government policy — fed a false sense of security.

歐盟對各國準備就緒程度的檢查已成為自鳴得意的儀式。用以預測疫情蔓延並制定政府政策的數學模型，則助長了虛假的安全感。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/356435/web/

在日本，壽司師傅向來以男性為主，這項傳統時至今日仍深深影響日本。許多餐廳依舊禁止女性站在吧台後、在客人面前製作壽司。

Sushi chefs in Japan have always been men and this tradition continues to dominate. Many restaurants still do not allow women to stand behind the counter and make sushi in front of the customers.

對於Yuki來說，作為一名女性壽司師傅要面對的挑戰從採買新鮮魚貨就開始了。

For Yuki, the challenge of being a female sushi chef doesn’t begin with technique. It starts at the crack of dawn when she heads to the market to buy fish.

在魚市場裡，很少有魚販認真看待她，他們大多認為Yuki做壽司不過是場兒戲，因而對她冷眼相待，甚至拒絕賣魚給她。Yuki很清楚壽司產業對女性不友好的慘酷現實，她承認，不論她如何努力對抗惡意攻擊或刻板印象，她內心始終覺得自卑。

She is often ridiculed by market fish vendors for “playing kitchen” as they refuse to sell her any fish. Yuki recognizes the disheartening and brutal reality of the industry, admitting that while she “fought back against the criticisms and prejudice”, she still “felt inferior in her heart”.

不過，她並沒有因此被擊倒。她相信，只要持續精進自己的手藝，讓自己成為一名富有經驗與技術的壽司師傅，將幫助她成功開一間餐廳，並在壽司產業中開闢出一條屬於自己的道路。

However, Yuki smiles on. She believes that focusing on getting “more skilled and experienced” will help her achieve her goal: making a name for herself & her restaurant.

她期盼，透過開創一種嶄新的握壽司風格、重新定義壽司的極簡美學，能使她贏得尊重，讓大家用和男性同樣的標準檢視她，甚至超越同行的男性師傅。

Yuki hopes to be upheld to the same expectations as men by going above and beyond: innovating a different style of sushi by redefining simplicity.

Yuki表示：「壽司撼動了我的靈魂」，並稱，女性不應該試圖成為男性師傅，而要學會欣賞女性獨有的特質，以新的構思改變壽司產業。

“Discovering sushi shook my soul,” Yuki exclaims. She believes that females should not try to be like male chefs, but celebrate their unique qualities and change the status quo with new ideas.

許多女性壽司師傅都曾嘗試打進這個男性主導的行業，卻都以失敗告終，雖然大多數女性先輩都放棄了，但Yuki的壽司之路還在繼續。

Many female sushi chefs have attempted at breaking into the industry, to no avail. Most eventually gave up, but for Yuki, the battle continues.

日本KitKat推新口味　老外試吃後傻眼：不是抹茶 | Foreigners puzzled at taste of Wasabi-flavored Kit Kats

日本奇巧巧克力(Kit Kat)繼2004年推出抹茶口味掀起風潮後，現在又推出另一款「綠色」巧克力新風味，然而，這次的口味可能沒有之前那麼容易下嚥。

Following the 2004 debut of the “Matcha Green Tea Kit Kat,” Japan has released a second green chocolate combo that will surely challenge customers’ palates: the Wasabi-flavored Kit Kat

據報導，目前雀巢已推出將近350種口味的奇巧巧克力，而背後的主因為日本便利商店需要不斷變動的擺設方式。

According to media reports, Nestle has released over 350 flavors to date, and the main reason behind such a wide variety of products is due to Japanese convenience stores’ constant demand for new items.

為了維持品牌銷售量，便必須不斷想出新口味和新點子；芥末口味的奇巧巧克力就是這麼誕生的。

To keep up, new flavors and ideas are in great need and that’s where the wasabi flavor comes in.

根據日本媒體報導，田丸屋本店是一家位在靜岡縣的芥末專賣店，日本芥末有將近80%都是在此區製作，於是它們和奇巧聯手打造出最能代表當地的口味。

According to local Japanese media, a specialty wasabi shop, Tamaruya Honten, located in the Shizuoka prefecture which produces 80 percent of Japan’s annual wasabi supply, partnered with Kit Kat and created the hybrid local flavor best representing both companies.

至於芥末奇巧巧克力到底好不好吃，外國人也積極參與論戰，許多人表示沒有想像中的嗆辣，也有人說雖然聞起來明顯的是芥末味，但是因為還是有白巧克力，吃起來還是很甜。

As for the million-dollar question of whether people outside Japan find it delicious or not, some described it as not extremely spicy, while others say though the smell is recognizably wasabi, it actually tastes sweet thanks to the white chocolate.

國外網友也在推特上大大讚賞，寫道：「這口味在一般商店買不到，完全值得生氣」。

Westerners also took to complimenting the flavor on Twitter, with one writing, “Yes, you should be mad you can’t find this in a regular store.”

然而也有網友質疑奇巧的最新搭配，並表示這口味他們「先不要」。

However, others seem to question the novel combination, commenting, “Nope. Not touching that with a ten-foot pole.”

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200829-1697516 ; https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200901-1700846

A Thai cat-lover accidentally turned her cat yellow after she tried to cure its fungal infection with turmeric. The photos published on her Facebook show the poor kitten which now bears a striking resemblance to the Japanese anime character “Pikachu.”

據當地媒體報導，貓咪飼主Thammapa Supamas表示一開始發現雪白色的貓身體上似乎有被感染，採取較為傳統但安全的治療方式，將整隻貓塗抹薑黃以確保沒有遺漏任何有可能遭受感染的部位。

According to local reports, Thammapa Supamas, the cat owner, claimed that she first noticed that her snow-white cat had a fungal infection so she took a more traditional approach to cure the animal by applying turmeric to its entire body.

雖然薑黃富有薑黃素可以消毒、消炎，然而使用過後因其顏色較為鮮豔，容易附著在使用者身上。

Though turmeric contains “Curcumin” which has antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, direct contact turned the animal’s fur yellow-ish.

貓咪的新造型引發網友熱議，許多人紛紛在照片下表示「貓咪真的太像皮卡丘了！」，而熱心的網友也特別為貓咪P圖，使他瞬間成為泰國版皮卡丘。

The cat’s new look has earned the love of netizens, with many drawing comparisons between the poor animal and Pikachu, leading to numerous attempts to transform the cat into a live-version of the Japanese anime.

馬國驚見跳跳虎在街上遊蕩　網友怒：會不會太過分？ | Malaysian animal rights groups angry at photos of dog looking like ‘Tigger’

馬來西亞一隻流浪狗因他人惡作劇被漆成老虎樣，近期照片曝光在社群媒體上流傳引來當地動物愛好者和動物權利組織憤怒。

Animal lovers in Malaysia have lashed out at a recent series of photos making rounds on social media of a stray dog painted in black and orange to resemble a tiger.

照片於8月28日由馬來西亞當地動物協會於臉書上分享後得到網友熱烈的迴響。

The photos went viral after it was posted on Facebook by the Malaysia Animal Association on Aug. 28.

此動協會在貼文中尋求知情人士告知狗狗的動向以便查清惡作劇的幕後使者。

The animal rights group asked for information regarding the whereabouts of the dog in an attempt to track down those responsible.

為了吸引大家分享有關狗的位置與主人的資訊，動協會也表示知情者會獲得一個「神秘獎品」。

To entice people to come forward, the group has even offered a “mystery reward” for further details on the dog’s location and possible owner.

照片被刊登後許多網友也紛紛到下面留言表示這類的惡作劇對狗造成嚴重的傷害，因使用的顏料可能含有鉛，不僅有毒素更可能導致動物掉毛。

The photos sparked outrage online as dyeing the fur of animals can be harmful. Most people don’t know but paints can also be toxic and may result in fur loss.

網友大力譴責此舉指出狗看起來很不開心，但也有人點出狗被漆上的花紋非常細緻，若有此天分的人應該將力氣花在其他事上，而不是來虐狗。

Many condemned the unethical action and pointed out the sad expression on the dog, while others said the realistic patterns painted on the animal indicated a mildly talented artist, who should find a better use of his or her time.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200902-1707661 ; https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200826-1697260

This article covers 2 topics. The storm in a teacup over how a lady made fried rice on the BBC. And the second talks about Dua Lipa’s love for bubble milk tea ice cream from Taiwan.

原文章討論：https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-909-about-uk-bbc-bbc-host

Controversial adj.: causing public anger and disagreement

1. Was the decision to close the water park controversial?
2. Does social media cause lots of controversies?

Trigger v.: to cause people to get upset

1. Are people triggered by animal cruelty?
2. Do people get triggered by social media?

Troll v.: creating discord on the Internet by starting quarrels or upsetting people by posting inflammatory or off-topic messages in an online community

1. Does getting trolled trigger people?
2. Have you been trolled on Facebook?

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

Imagine that you are on the MRT and a young man sitting next to you is playing video games on a watermelon-like console.

近期，就有新加坡民眾在捷運上目睹這奇葩的一幕。一位星國少年自製了一台「西瓜Game Boy」，上面不僅有螢幕和實體的按鈕，裡面還裝載了近期最流行的寶可夢遊戲軟體。

That’s the unusual sight some people recently experienced in Singapore when a teenager was seen playing “Pokemon Go” on a self-built console made of a watermelon, a screen and some buttons.

就讀新加坡管理大學的Cedrick Tan，近日在YouTube上分享了自製的水果寶可夢GameBoy，揭露製作過程和最後實驗結果。

Cedrick Tan, a student from the Singapore Management University, has been tinkering with the project on YouTube which has led to him building his own version of Pokemon Emerald inside a fruit.

一向天馬行空的他其實已經有無數的作品，包括將一個地圖放進虛擬實境和利用微軟Excel發送訊息至通訊軟體Telegram。如今他又再次突破自己，將遊戲機成功的裝進蔬果內。

An avid creator, Tan’s long list of projects include turning a map into a blank canvas for augmented reality, finding a way to send messages to Telegram using Microsoft Excel, and building a playable Game Boy Advance inside a melon.

當被問起做這個作品的過程時，Cedrick表示其實非常簡單，因為西瓜內部空間非常足夠，電路的連接也非常方便。

When asked about his project, Tan said: “When it came down to actually making the Melonboy, it happened to be really convenient seeing as the melon was very spacious on the inside allowing me to wire everything up with ease.”

遊戲機目前可以成功的開啟，使用的軟體也和原版相符，而挖空的西瓜塞進了一個電池、數個實體按鍵、一個1.8寸的螢幕和小喇叭音響。

The Game Boy emulator can then be loaded and run with the same software as the original game. Inside the scooped-out melon, a power bank, buttons, a 1.8-inch screen, loudspeakers are assembled.

Cedrick表示，因為買到瑕疵零件，導致製作過程延宕，西瓜GamBoy花了他將近一個月才完成。若沒有遇到這些問題的話，大概一週以內就能完成，他自信滿滿地說。

According to Tan, the construction took about a month; though he blamed the time-length on a faulty device integral to the game boy. Without the problem, the watermelon-based console could have been finished in less than a week, he said.

「身為一個資管系的學生，我對於電機其實一知半解，所以一切從零開始學，花了一點時間。」Cedrick 說。然而，他對於自己的成果表示滿意，成功的製作出一個有著完整介面的「攜帶式」遊戲機。

“As an information systems student, I have no background in electrical engineering, so learning that from scratch took some time,” Tan recalled. The result is a working game console, complete with a Game Boy Advance emulator and a game controller.

吸睛的西瓜GameBoy影片獲得廣大民眾迴響，這大概也是Cedrick最大的收穫。

But the best thing about Tan’s video is the public’s reaction to the watermelon game boy.

Cedrick也實驗過將西瓜帶去賣場玩，捕捉到許多人好奇的眼光。

On a visit to the market, he played the game console surrounded by real watermelons, which provoked weird looks from passers-by.

Cedrick憶起他曾帶著西瓜進火車站，當時還被站務員攔截，詢問他手上的大西瓜是怎麼回事。

Tan also recalled being quizzed about the device when he brought it into a train station.

一位緊張的員工甚至跑到他身邊詢問奇形怪狀的西瓜用途，聽完他的解釋後，員工還非常興奮地將他拉回辦公室要他將作品展現給其他同事看。

A distressed SMRT staff asked him about the strange device, and after hearing his explanation, requested him to show it to her colleagues.

此外，Cedrick坦言他曾經被誤認為西瓜炸彈客，而他從沒想過帶著西瓜會碰上這樣的麻煩。

In addition, Tan said he also experienced another unforeseen problem where someone complained that he was carrying a watermelon bomb.

Cedrick也將自己的作品分享到美版PTT Reddit上面，不僅獲得外國網友的讚賞，還有許多人鼓勵他之後利用酪梨和椰子製作遊戲機。

Tan also posted on Reddit about his clumsy contraption, where he received plenty of praise, inspiring him to build different versions in the future, including avocados and coconuts.

不幸地，Cedrick透露，影片上傳YouTube後過了幾天，西瓜就爛掉了。

Unfortunately, Tan revealed that the watermelon had rotted just a few days after his YouTube video was uploaded.

然而，Cedrick表示將會繼續創作，未來也規劃以榴槤製作遊戲，將其命名為「臭Boy痛苦遊戲」。

However, Tan vowed to continue making his creations and could take on the challenge of turning the durian into a game that could be called StinkyBoy’s Pain Game.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200827-1697494

The organizers of the Berlin International Film Festival (aka Berlinale) said last Monday that they will stop awarding separate acting prizes to women and men beginning next year, and the performance awards will be defined in a gender-neutral way at next year’s festival, for which a physical event is planned.

柏林國際影展主辦單位上週一表示，自明年起，他們不再分別頒發男女演員獎項。明年的影展將會以性別中立的方式來定義表演獎項，並將舉行實體典禮。

The festival awards a Golden Bear for the best film and a series of Silver Bears, which until this year included best actor and best actress honors. Organizers said those prizes will be replaced with a Silver Bear for Best Leading Performance and a Silver Bear for Best Supporting Performance.

柏林影展頒發金熊獎給最佳影片，以及銀熊獎給一系列項目，截至今年，銀熊獎均包括最佳男主角及最佳女主角獎。主辦單位表示，這些獎項將以最佳主角銀熊獎，及最佳配角銀熊獎兩獎項取代。

In a statement, the co-heads of the festival, Mariette Rissenbeek and Carlo Chatrian, said “not separating the awards in the acting field according to gender comprises a signal for a more gender-sensitive awareness in the film industry.”

柏林影展兩位總監瑪麗耶特‧里森貝克及卡洛‧夏堤安在一份聲明中表示：「不以性別來區分表演類獎項，所包含的信號是電影界對性別有更加敏銳的意識」。

The festival’s Golden Bear is one of the most prestigious awards in Europe, together with the Palme d’Or of the Cannes festival in France and the Golden Lion award of the Venice Film Festival. Cannes still singles out a best actor and actress, while Venice awards a Volpi cup to actors of each sex.

德國柏林影展的金熊獎為歐洲地位最高的電影獎之一，與法國坎城影展的金棕櫚獎，以及義大利威尼斯電影節的金獅獎齊名。坎城影展及威尼斯影展仍分別頒發男、女演員獎。

At the same time, the Alfred Bauer Prize, which is named after the festival’s founding director, will be permanently retired. The prize was suspended this year due to revelations about Bauer’s role in the Nazis’ moviemaking bureaucracy.

此外，以柏林影展創辦人命名的阿爾弗雷德‧鮑爾獎將永不再頒發。鮑爾被踢爆曾為納粹政府電影機構工作，因此今年該獎停頒。

Commenting on the decision to hold a physical event next year, despite uncertainties due to the coronavirus pandemic, the two directors stressed the need for a “lively relationship with the audience.” “In times of the corona pandemic, it has become even clearer that we still require analogue experience spaces in the cultural realm,” they said, noting that other festivals have also resumed holding physical rather than virtual events. The 2021 festival is scheduled for Feb. 11-21.

縱有冠狀病毒疫情所造成之不確定性，對於明年柏林影展舉行實體典禮的決定，兩位總監強調「與觀眾保持活生生關係」之必要性。「冠狀病毒疫情中愈發清楚顯示，在文化場域中，我們仍需要能提供類比經驗的空間」，他們表示，其他影展也已恢復舉行實體典禮。二○二一年之柏林影展訂於二月十一日至二十一日舉行。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/08/31/2003742547

Stonehenge, a Neolithic wonder in southern England, has vexed historians and archaeologists for centuries with its many mysteries: How was it built? What purpose did it serve? Where did its towering sandstone boulders come from?

位於英國南部的新石器時代奇觀「巨石陣」，數世紀以來困惑著歷史學家與考古學家：它是如何建造的？它的用途為何？這些高聳的砂岩巨石又是從哪裡來？

That last question may finally have an answer after a study published on July 29 found that most of the giant stones — known as sarsens — seem to share a common origin 25km away in West Woods, an area that teemed with prehistoric activity.

七月二十九日發表的一篇研究，可能終於解開前述的最後一個謎團。該研究發現，絕大多數稱為「撒森岩」的巨大石塊，似乎同樣來自於距離巨石陣二十五公里的西伍茲，當地曾經出現過大量的史前人類活動。

The finding boosts the theory that the megaliths were brought to Stonehenge about the same time: around 2,500 BC, the monument’s second phase of construction, which in turn could be a sign that its builders were from a highly organized society.

這項發現支持巨石約在同一時間被運送到巨石陣遺址的理論：時間大約在西元前兩千五百年，是巨石陣的第二階段建造期，所以也暗示著建造者來自一個高度組織化的社會。

The new paper appeared in the journal Science Advances. Lead author David Nash, a professor of physical geography at the University of Brighton, told AFP he and his team had to devise a novel technique to analyze the sarsens, which stand up to 9m tall and weigh as much as 30 tonnes.

這篇論文日前刊登於期刊《科學先端》，主要作者為布萊頓大學的自然地理學教授大衛‧奈許。他向法新社表示，他和研究團隊必須研發出一項新技術，藉以分析這些高達九公尺、重達三十公噸的撒森岩。

They first used portable x-rays to analyze the chemical composition of the rocks, which are 99 percent silica but contain traces of several other elements. “That showed us that most of the stones have a common chemistry, which led us to identify that we’re looking for one main source here,” said Nash.

他們一開始使用攜帶型X光機來分析巨石的化學組成，發現其中百分之九十九都是二氧化矽，但是也含有其他幾種元素的跡象。奈許說：「這證明這些石頭大多數都有共同的化學性質，讓我們確認研究團隊正在尋找一個主要來源。」

Next, they examined two core samples from one of the stones that were obtained during restoration work in 1958 but which then went missing until resurfacing in 2018 and 2019, respectively. They performed a more sophisticated analysis on these samples using a mass spectrometry device, which detects a bigger range of elements at a higher precision.

接著，他們檢驗兩份在一九五八年的維護工程中、從其中一塊巨石獲得的核心樣本。這兩份樣本曾經一度遺失，後來在二○一八年和二○一九年重新浮上檯面。研究團隊運用質譜儀器，以較高的精確度來偵測較大範圍的化學元素，對樣本進行更精密的分析。

The resulting signature was then compared to 20 possible source sites for these sedimentary rocks, with West Woods, Wiltshire found to be the closest match. Only the 17th century English natural philosopher John Aubrey had previously postulated a link between “Overton Wood,” probably a former name for West Woods, and Stonehenge.

分析後巨石呈現的化學特徵，再和二十個可能來源地的沉積岩進行對照，結果發現，位於威爾特郡的西伍茲吻合程度最為接近。在此之前，只有十七世紀的英國自然哲學家約翰‧奧布里有過類似假設，認為「奧弗頓森林」──可能是西伍茲以前的地名──和巨石陣有關。

Previous work has found that Stonehenge’s smaller “bluestones” came from Wales, about 200km to the west, and the new study says that they and the sarsens were placed at the same time. “So it must have been an enormous endeavor going on at that time,” said Nash. “Stonehenge is like a convergence of materials being brought in from different places.”

先前的研究曾經發現，巨石陣中較小的藍岩來自西邊兩百公里外的威爾斯，新研究則指出這些藍岩和撒森岩是在同時期搬來建造的。「在當時，這一定是規模浩大的工程，」奈許表示：「巨石陣就像是一個聚合點，各種石材從不同的地方被帶到此地。」

Just how the early Britons were able to transport the boulders weighing up to 30 tonnes a distance of 25km remains unknown — though the prevailing idea is they were dragged along sleds. The site’s significance also remains mysterious. “I think you’re looking at a very organized society there,” added Nash.

只是，早期英國人是如何將重達三十公噸的巨石運送到二十五公里外的地方，這仍然不得而知。目前較盛行的看法是：巨石是用長木橇拖到當地。巨石陣的特殊意義也仍是一團謎。奈許補充說：「我想，你眼前看到的是一個非常有組織的社群。」

The area was also a hive of Early Neolithic activity. It is home to a huge ancient burial site known as a barrow, a large circular earthwork, prehistoric cultivated fields that are now woodland, and a polissoir — a rock used to sharpen ancient stone axes.

該地區也是新石器時代早期人類活動的繁忙據點。當地有一個稱為「墳塚」的巨大古代墓葬區，還有一個大型的圓形地景藝術，今日已是一片森林的史前耕地，以及刻有凹槽的沙岩，當時被用來磨利古代的石斧。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/08/09/2003741335

It is almost certain that the next era of computing will be wearables. But it is commensurately uncertain what these wearables will be and where on your body they will be worn.

我們幾可確定，電算的下一個年代會屬於穿戴型產品。至於這些產品會是什麼，又會穿戴在人體何處，卻同樣無法確定。

Apple and Samsung, for example, are betting on the wrist; Google, the face. Some tech companies believe clothing will simply become electronic. Yet there’s a whole new segment of start-ups that believes we humans will become the actual computers, or at least the place where the technology will reside.

例如，蘋果和三星押注手腕，谷歌則是臉部。有些科技公司認為衣服會電子化。但有全新一批新創公司認為，人類會變成實體電腦，至少會成為穿戴科技的居所。

These start-ups are working on a class of wearable computers that adhere to the skin like temporary tattoos, or attach to the body like an adhesive bandage.

這些新創公司正研發可像假刺青般附著於皮膚，或像黏性貼布般附著於身體的一系列穿戴型電腦。

Many of these technologies are stretchable, bendable and incredibly thin. They can also be given unique designs, to stand out like a bold tattoo, or to blend in to the color of your skin.

這些科技產品許多可延展、可彎曲，或薄到不可思議。他們也可能有獨特設計，如大膽刺青般醒目，或和膚色融合為一。

Attachable computers will be less expensive to make and provide greater accuracy because sensors will be closer to a person’s body (or even inside us) .

附著式電腦較不昂貴，也比較準確，因為感應器更貼身（甚至就在體內）。

MC10, a company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is testing attachable computers about the size of a piece of gum that can include wireless antennas, temperature and heartrate sensors and a tiny battery.

麻州劍橋的MC10公司正在實驗一種附著式電腦。約口香糖大小，內有無線天線、體溫和心律感應器，以及一個極小的電池。

Scott Pomerantz, head of MC10, said: “Ours are always on you. We have the smallest, most flexible, stretchable, wearable computer, and you can collect all sorts of biometric data tied to your motion.”

MC10負責人波梅蘭茲說：「我們的產品永遠是穿戴在你身上。我們擁有最小、最具可撓性與延展性的穿戴式電腦。你可蒐集與你的動作有關的各種生理數據。」

MC10 recently teamed up with John A. Rogers, a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who has been working for nearly a decade to perfect flexible devices that can be worn on the skin or implanted .

MC10最近與厄巴納－香檳伊利諾大學教授羅傑斯合作。羅傑斯已投入近10年時間，讓穿戴於皮膚或植入體內的彈性裝置更為完美。

How would these gadgets work? Maybe you want to figure out which deodorant would be best for you. A sticker that tracks your sweat level would email you a few recommendations. Or if you want to monitor your baby’s breathing, a little sensor on the baby’s chest would alert you to any problems.

這些小裝置將如何運作？或許你想知道哪種止汗劑最適合你使用。可追蹤汗量的一張貼紙，會以電子郵件提供你一些建議。或許你想監測寶寶的呼吸，貼在寶寶胸前的一個小感應器會在出狀況時發出警示。

“We’ll eventually see a more intimate integration of electronics and biological systems,” Mr. Rogers said . “Without that kind of intimate physical contact, it’s going to be difficult, or maybe even impossible, to extract meaningful data.”

羅傑斯說：「我們最終會看到電子產品和生理系統更親密的結合。不靠這種與身體的親密接觸，蒐集到有用的數據會變得很困難，甚至不可能。」

The health applications are enormous. Over the past year, Mr. Rogers and his team of scientists have been working with patients with Parkinson’s disease to monitor their motions, with dermatologists to treat skin diseases, and with beauty companies like L’Oreal to develop digital stickers that track skin hydration.

在健康方面的應用可以無所不包。過去一年，羅傑斯和他的科學家團隊一直在與巴金森氏病人共事，監測他們的運動，也與皮膚科醫生合作，治療皮膚疾病，也和美妝公司如歐萊雅公司共同開發數位貼紙，追蹤肌膚水分。

Anke Loh of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago has been experimenting with making the attachable computers look like body art. “You see these patches and you really want to put them on your skin, even without knowing what the function is,” Ms. Loh said . “There’s a lot of potential to combine fashion and technology.”

芝加哥藝術學院的羅安克正從事一項實驗，讓附著式電腦看來宛如人體藝術。羅女士說：「看著這些貼布時，你會真的很想把它往身上貼，即使不知道它有什麼功能。時尚與科技結合，潛力無窮。」

Scientists at the University of Tokyo have been working on an “e-skin,” which is an electronic skin that sits on top of real skin. It looks like a stretchable sheet of plastic wrap, yet contains lots of health-related sensors.

東京大學的科學家一直在研究「電子皮膚」，它是放在真皮膚上的一種電子皮膚。外表類似一片具伸縮性的保鮮膜，但內含許多與健康相關的感應器。

In another iteration of e-skin, scientists are working to add a layer of LEDs, turning it into a screen that sits on the body.

在另一個電子皮膚的反覆研究中，科學家正設法為電子皮膚添加一層LED燈，讓它變成人體上的一個螢幕。

Digital skins offer numerous applications, not only in monitoring a user’s health, but also as a visual user interface. They may even replace smartphones one day.

數位皮膚應用範圍十分廣泛，不僅可監測使用者的健康狀況，還可作為使用者的視覺介面。有朝一日，甚至可取代智慧手機。

But don’t throw aside your smartwatch or Google Glass just yet. It will be a while before our wearable future becomes known.

不過，暫時還別把你的智慧手表或是谷歌眼鏡扔到一邊。我們的穿戴未來還要一段時間才會明朗。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/268839/web/

近年吹起一股聯名風潮，各個服飾、運動大牌紛紛推出聯名商品搶商機。一名日本設計師發揮創意，將日常生活常見大牌包括7-11、Netflix皆融入球鞋設計，引起網友熱議，直呼「好想買一雙！」

Co-branding strategies have become increasingly popular in recent years, with clothing and sports brands launching co-branded products to develop niche markets.

With this observation in mind, a Japanese designer has tried to incorporate popular brands into his sneaker designs, including 7-11, Netflix and Japan’s famous brand “Akabako (Red Box) Beauty Soap,” attracting netizens’ attention. Someone immediately said: “I want to buy a pair!”

日本設計師ミチル在推特(@mitiruxxx)PO出一系列融合各大品牌元素的設計球鞋，從日本知名零食大牌Calorie Mate、桔梗信玄餅Shingen Mochi、Suntory天然水、到保鮮膜大牌saran wrap，各種日常品牌讓日本網友感到非常親切。

Japanese illustrator “ミチル” (@mitiruxxx) recently tweeted a series of design sneakers with elements of various household brands, ranging from Calorie Mate, Shingen Mochi and Suntory natural water to saran wrap.

除了日本牌子之外，這位插畫家也有顧及到海外粉絲，設計出Netflix、7-11以及第一代蘋果電腦iMac G3的聯名球鞋樣式。其中最受歡迎的是7-11便利商店圖樣球鞋，球鞋上印著7-11招牌綠底，搭配紅橘條紋，讓粉絲直呼好想買一雙！

In addition to the Japanese brand, the illustrator looked at overseas markets, designing sneaker patterns for Netflix, 7-Eleven, and the first-generation Apple computer, the iMac G3.

The most popular sneakers are the 7-Eleven Convenience Store Sneakers, featuring 7-Eleven’s signature green and red-orange stripes, making fans eager to buy a pair.

然而，目前這些球鞋僅止於設計圖，並未上市，但若是粉絲積極敲碗，或許有一天Nike就會考慮推出超可愛7-11聯名設計球鞋。

However, these sneakers are currently only available in designs and not available on the market. Hopefully, if fans are eager for these cool sneakers, maybe one day Nike will consider releasing a super cute 7-Eleven co-branded design sneaker.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200813-1685488

Welcome to 15mins.today the home of English Shadowing. I am your host Gavin, and this is InTense Episode 62. Well guys we are doing verbs, we have done action verbs and linking verbs and now we are on the last kind helping verbs and that will be the end of Verbs, hooray! And the question will be what are helping verbs?Helping verbs are added to another verb to make a meaning clearer. You can look on Google. You will find a list of them does, did, have, has, had,... many examples and they make up little phrases like verb phrases with the main verb and a helping verb, so, “They will run before dawn.” Okay, “He will eat lunch before leaving for the office.” Well, there's a lot, so will leave, still have, did eat. Okay, so those words make up a little phrase and these are just helping verbs, so the verb is not just “run > will run.” That I have actually done this in some of the example has eaten, there you go there is an example of a helping verb. The eaten is the verb, maybe an action verb. “He has eaten cake.”

So, that would be an action verb, and so the hasis actually a helping verb in that little phrase. So, has is a verb, eaten is a verb. Eaten is an action verb and has the helping verb. It doesn't matter for your reference just be able to recognise that there has, and the eaten or both verbs. There you go, a verbal phrase if you like, as long as you can identify that you will be fine. Great, so without further ado, let's just do a bunch of these examples and then we can finish verbs. Hooray, for us. Let's listen to our example questions.

Has John eaten lunch? Yes, he has eaten lunch.

Has John eaten lunch? No, he has not eaten lunch.

Will Suzan send the report? Yes, she will send the report.

Will Suzan send the report? No, she will not send the report.

Should I leave? Yes, you should leave

Should I leave? No, you should not leave.

Might the company reply soon? Yes, they might reply soon.

Might the company reply soon? No, they might not reply soon.

Are they still eating lunch? Yes, they are still eating lunch.

Are they still eating lunch? No, they are not still eating lunch.

Could Jerry help us? Yes, he could help us.

Could Jerry help us? No, he could not help us.

Would you like some coffee? Yes, I would like some coffee.

Would you like some coffee? No, I would not like some coffee.

Can she do it? Yes, she can do it.

Can she do it? No, she cannot do it.

Must Steven finish the report? Yes, he must finish the report.

Must Steve finish the report. No, he must not finish the report.

Well there you go guys. Some examples. So basically a helping verb, they help create like verb phrases and they consist of one main verb and one or more helping verbs. And for examples I'm just going to quote a few: to be, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must... Yeah anyway, yeah a whole bunch of them. I'm sure you can search Google and find many, many more. I hope that was helpful. Just keep repeating the questions and I will mark them in the transcript. I will catch you in the next episode goodbye!